O mito da “terra populosa”
uma análise do exílio judaico à luz da pesquisa histórica e arqueológica recente
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25188/FLT-VoxScript(eISSN2447-7443)vXXV.n1.p27-47.TATNSchlagwörter:
Exílio, Judá, Queda de Jerusalém, Império Neo-Babilônio, Mito da TerraAbstract
Na década de 1990, o estudioso Hans Barstad desenvolveu a ideia, proposta inicialmente por Robert P. Carroll, do “Mito da Terra Vazia”, em que a concepção de um território judeu abandonado com grande parte do povo exilado teria sido uma criação posterior de uma pequena comunidade judaica zelosa por Sião que havia retornado de Babilônia. Segundo essa teoria, a sociedade em Judá continuou funcionando normalmente com seus camponeses, artesãos, comerciantes e funcionários do Templo. No entanto, estudos recentes têm questionado essa hipótese e indicado — por meio de evidências arqueológicas, documentais e demográficas — um evento marcante na história de Israel que pode ser identificado com o exílio e a destruição apresentados na Bíblia Hebraica. Portanto, a presente comunicação tem como objetivos analisar essas descobertas e pesquisas recentes de forma panorâmica e demonstrar de que modo elas iluminam a compreensão do que significou, de fato, a destruição de Judá e o exílio da população daquela terra no século VI a.C.
Literaturhinweise
ALBERTZ, Rainer. Israel in exile: the history and literature of the sixth century B.C.E. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2003.
AVIGAD, Naaman. New light on the MṢH seal impressions. In: Israel Exploration Journal, v. 8, n. 2, p. 113-119.
BARKAY, Gabriel; FANTALKIN, Alexander; TAL, Oren. A Late Iron Age fortress North of Jerusalem. In: Bulletin or the American Schools of Oriental Research, n. 328, 2002, p. 49-71.
BARSTAD, Hans M. History and the Hebrew Bible: studies in ancient Israelite and Ancient Near Eastern historiography. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.
__________. The myth of the empty land: a study in the history and archaeology of Judah during the “Exilic” period. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1996.
BECKING, Bob. Ezra’s re-enactment of the exile. In: GRABBE, Lester L. (Org.). Leading captivity captive: ‘the exile’ as history and ideology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1998.
BLENKINSOPP, Joseph; LIPSCHITS, Oded (Orgs.). Judah and the Judeans in the Neo Babylonian period. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2003.
BLISS, F. Jones; MACALISTER, R. A. Stewart. Excavations in Palestine: during the years 1898-1900. London: Palestine Exploration Fund, 1902.
BRENEMAN, M. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1993.
BRIGHT, John. História de Israel. 7. ed. São Paulo: Paulus, 2003.
BROWN, F.; DRIVER, S.; BRIGGS, C. The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon, 1977.
CARROLL, Robert P. The myth of the empty land. In: JOBLING, David; PIPPIN, Tina (Orgs.). Ideological criticism of biblical texts. Atlanta: Scholars, 1992.
CARTER, Charles E. The emergence of Yehud in the Persian Period: a social and demographic study. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1999.
CONSTABLE, Thomas. Notes on 2Kings. [s.l.]: 2016.
CORNELIUS, Lynne. The development of accounting in Palestine during the First millennium: 1000-332. 2015. 249f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Arqueologia Bíblica) — University of South Africa, Pretoria, 2015.
EDITORA PAULUS. Bíblia de Jerusalém. 3. ed. São Paulo: Paulus, 2002.
EDWARDS, Ormond. The year of Jerusalem’s destruction: 2 Addaru 597 B.C. reinterpreted. In: Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, v. 104, n. 1, 1992, p. 101-106.
ELLINGER, K., RUDOLPH, W. (Eds.). Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. 5. ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997.
FINKELSTEIN, Israel. The archaeology of the days of Manasseh. In: COOGAN, M. D.; EXUM, J. C.; STAGER, L. E. (Orgs.). Scripture and other artifacts: essays on the Bible and archaeology in honor of Philip J. King. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1994.
GOTTWALD, Norman K. The politics of Ancient Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001.
HARRIS, R. Laird; ARCHER, Gleason L., Jr.; WALTKE, Bruce K. (orgs.). Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Chicago: Moody, 1999.
HOLLADAY, W. L.; KÖHLER, L. A concise Hebrew and Aramaic lexicon of the Old Testament. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
HUEY, F. B. Jeremiah, Lamentations. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1993.
JENNI, Ernst; WESTERMANN, Claus. Theological lexicon of the Old Testament. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1997.
KAEFER, José Ademar. Arqueologia das terras da Bíblia. São Paulo: Paulus, 2012.
KAISER, W. C., Jr. Grief and pain in the plan of God: Christian assurance and the message of Lamentations. Fearn: Christian Focus, 2004.
KEIL, C. F.; DELITZSCH, F. Commentary on the Old Testament. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1996. v. 3.
KENYON, Kathleen M. Digging up Jerusalem. London: Benn, 1974.
KIRST, Nelson, et al. Dicionário hebraico-português e aramaico- português. São Leopoldo: Sinodal, 1987.
LIPSCHITS, Oded. The fall and rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian rule. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2005.
__________. Tel Azekah 113 years after: preliminary evaluation of the renewed excavations at the site. In: Near Eastern Archaeology, v. 75, n. 4, 2012, p. 196-206.
LIVERANI, Mario. Para além da Bíblia: História antiga de Israel. 2. ed. São Paulo: Paulus/Loyola, 2014.
LONGMAN III, Tremper, PROVAN, Iain, LONG, V. Philips. Uma história bíblica de Israel. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 2016.
MALAMAT, A. The last kings of Judah and the fall of Jerusalem: an historical-chronological study. In: Israel Exploration Journal, v. 18, n. 3, 1968, p. 137-156.
MAZAR, Eilat. Discovering the Solomonic wall in Jerusalem: a remarkable archaeological adventure. Jerusalem: Shoham Academic Research and Publication, 2011.
MAZAR, Amihai. Archaeology of the land of the Bible: 10.000-586 B.C.E. New York: Doubleday, 1990.
MERRILL, Eugene H. História de Israel no Antigo Testamento. Rio de Janeiro: CPAD, 2001.
MIDDLEMAS, Jill. The troubles of templeless Judah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
MYERS, A. C. (ed.). The Eerdmans Bible dictionary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1987.
MONTGOMERY, James. A critical and exegetical commentary on the book of Kings. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1951.
NA’AMAN, Nadav. Ancient Israel and its neighbors: Interaction and counteraction. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2005.
O’CONNOR, Kathleen M. The book of Jeremiah: reconstructing community after disaster. In: CARROLL, M. Daniel; LAPSLEY, Jacqueline E (Eds.). Character ethics and the Old Testament: moral dimensions of Scripture. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2007.
ORR, James. The international Standard Bible encyclopedia. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1939 (versão eletrônica).
PATTERSON, Richard D.; AUSTEL, Hermann J. 1 and 2 Kings. In: GAEBELEIN, Frank E (Ed.). The expositor’s Bible commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992. v. 4.
PEARCE, Laurie E. New evidence for Judeans in Babylonia. In: LIPSCHITS, Oded; OEMING, Manfred (Orgs.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006.
PINTO, Carlos Osvaldo. Foco e desenvolvimento no Antigo Testamento. São Paulo: Hagnos, 2006.
PRITCHARD, James B. Ancient Near Eastern texts relating to the Old Testament. 3. ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
SHANKS, Hershel. The city of David after five years of digging. In: Biblical Archaeology Review, v. 11, n. 6, 1985.
SCHNIEDEWIND, William M. Como a Bíblia tornou-se um livro: a textualização do antigo Israel. São Paulo: Loyola, 2011.
SCHÖKEL, Luis Alonso. Dicionário bíblico hebraico-português. São Paulo: Paulus, 1997.
SHILOH, Yigal. Excavations at the city of David I 1978-1982: interim report of the first five seasons. In: Qedem, v. 19, 1984.
__________. Judah and Jerusalem in the eighth-sixth centuries B.C.E. In: GITIN, Seymour; DEVER, William G. (Eds.). Recent excavations in Israel: studies in Iron Age Archaeology. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1989.
SMITH, Mark S. O memorial de Deus: história, memória e a experiência do divino no Antigo Israel. São Paulo: Paulus, 2006.
SOCIEDADE BÍBLICA DO BRASIL. Almeida Revista e Atualizada. Barueri: Sociedade Bíblica do Brasil, 1993.
STERN, Ephraim. The Babylonian gap. In: Biblical Archaeology Review, 2000, v. 26, n. 6, p. 45-51,76.
SWANSON, J. Dictionary of biblical languages with semantic domains: Hebrew. Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, 1997 (edição eletrônica).
TORREY, Charles C. The composition and historical value of Ezra-Nehemiah. Giessen: J. Ricker’sche, 1896.
TUFNELL, Olga. Lachish III: The Iron Age. London: Oxford University Press, 1953.
VEEN, Peter van der. Sixth-century issues: the fall of Jerusalem, the Exile and the return. In: HESS, Richard S.; ARNOLD, Bill T. (Orgs.). Ancient Israel’s history: an introduction to issues and sources. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2014.
WISEMAN, D. J. (Ed.). Chronicles of Chaldean kings (626-556) in the British Museum. London: British Museum, 1956.
__________. 1 e 2 Reis: introdução e comentário. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 2006.
Downloads
Veröffentlicht
Ausgabe
Rubrik
Lizenz
Copyright (c) 2024 Vox Scripturae - Revista Teológica Internacional
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International.
Zitationsvorschlag
