Tensão entre monoteísmo e politeísmo na Bíblia Hebraica e no Antigo Israel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25188/2447.7443.2019v27n3.14Palavras-chave:
Henoteísmo, Monolatria, Monoteísmo, PoliteísmoResumo
O artigo analisa a tensão entre o monoteísmo e o politeísmo na Bíblia Hebraica (BH) e na religião do antigo Israel, propondo que o desenvolvimento do monoteísmo foi um processo gradual e multifacetado. O estudo parte da análise de passagens bíblicas e evidências arqueológicas que sugerem a coexistência de crenças politeístas, mesmo com a predominância do culto a Javé. O autor discute o uso de termos como henoteísmo e monolatria para descrever o fenômeno religioso no antigo Israel, argumentando que o monoteísmo só se consolidou plenamente durante o período exílico. A metodologia aplicada inclui a distinção entre abordagens “êmicas” e “éticas”, permitindo uma análise contextualizada das práticas religiosas da época, sem imposições de conceitos modernos. Além disso, o artigo explora a influência de outras divindades, como El, Asherah e Baal, na religiosidade israelita, sugerindo que a transição para o monoteísmo envolveu um processo de assimilação, exclusão e transformação de práticas religiosas. Conclui-se que o monoteísmo israelita não surgiu de forma abrupta, mas como resultado de uma longa reflexão teológica e política, com influências externas e internas que moldaram o pensamento religioso ao longo do tempo.
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